Internal Combustion Engines A

Performance

• Introduction: Engine types and construction, historical overview and present applications.

• Performance parameters: fuel economy, power density and emissions, basic principles and main parameters of modern diesel engines.

• Sizing of main dimensions and database of engines.

• Thermodynamic analysis of cylinder process, including explanation of generalized polytrophic process.

• Performance analysis of diesel engines: important trends made clear by using a realistic Dual cycle process and reasonable estimation of mechanical and heat losses.

Turbocharging

• Introduction: mechanical charging versus exhaust driven turbocharger, constant pressure versus pulse system, turbocharging explained in P-V and T-S diagram.

• Gas exchange: mechanisms of air supply and air swallow capacity of 2- and 4-stroke engines, mechanisms of gas disposal, i.e. blow down, exhaust and scavenging.

• Principles of interaction between the turbocharger and the engine: power balance of turbocharger and flow balance between engine and turbine, energy in the exhaust gas, off-design performance of a turbocharged diesel engine.

• Enhanced turbocharging: waste gate, Variable Turbine Geometry (VTG), sequential turbocharging, two-stage turbocharging, including recent modelling developments.

• Modelling: classification of diesel engine simulation models, physical balances, block diagram of engine + turbocharger.