From Semiconductors to Solar Cells

The energy transition is to a large extent possible due to massive production of cheap solar cells. While Si devices become cheaper, limits to the power conversion efficiency are almost reached. For the progression of the energy transition substantially more photovoltaic modules have to be installed on limited available land. Therefore, cost effective improvement of the power conversion efficiency is one of the central current challenges. The present course deals with the mechanism of various solar cell technologies, including traditional crystalline silicon solar cells and cells based on poly crystalline thin layers. Corresponding material property requirements, and the chemical processing is included. Fundamental efficiency limits for different technologies are analysed and new technologies offering the prospect of increased efficiency are discussed extensively.

In this course we will discuss the operation of solar cells in general and will pay particular attention to the chemistry of recent solar cell technologies and the related challenges and opportunities. Understanding the operation of solar cells requires knowledge about the physics of semiconductors. Therefore the main part of the course will focus on the properties of semiconductors, following the book " Principles of Solar Cells, LEDs and related devices; The role of the PN junction” by Adrian Kitai.